The package manager pacman is a very handy utility. You can do a whole lot of things just using some simple commands. Here we take a look at some of the essentials pacman command examples for Arch Linux (and other derivatives such as Manjaro) for your daily use. Have a look.
The pacman is the official package manager for Arch Linux. It is being used by all the Arch Linux derivatives such as Manjaro. Using pacman you can do almost all types of package management operations such as install, uninstall, download, build, etc. Hence it is essential to know various pacman example commands for daily use.
In this guide, we give you the reference commands for pacman to perform various operations. Here’s the table of contents of this guide.
- Update system
- Upgrade system
- Upgrade a single package
- Search a package
- Search dependencies of a package
- Install a package
- Download a package locally
- Install a package from the local disk
- Install a package from a remote location
- Reinstall a package
- Uninstall a package
- Uninstall with dependencies
- Export the installed package list
- Complete list of installed packages
- Clean up your system
Pacman command examples for Arch
Most of the commands that are used require admin privilege. So, use sudo or run these commands using an ID having admin privileges.
Examples where is present in the syntax, replace them using the actual name of your package in question. Also, most of the pacman commands described below accept multiple package names delimited by spaces wherever applicable.
1. Updating your system
This command sync and download the fresh copy of the master package database from the server which is defined in pacman.conf file.
sudo pacman -Syy
-S: sync packages
-y: download fresh package database
y: the second y forces the download even if it is upto date
2. Upgrade system
pacman -Syu
This upgrades all packages that are out-of-date following the sync and download the fresh package database.
3. Upgrade a single package
If you want to update a single package use the package name at the end. For example, if you want to upgrade firefox only, leaving other packages in your system, use the below.
pacman -S firefox
4. Search package
The following command searches a package in name and its description in Arch repository (core, extra, and community).
pacman -Ss notepad++
This searches all substring of the parameter passed. You do not need to use wild cards. One thing though, depending on the search string the result can be a lot. So, you might want to filter the result out using grep or something else.
5. Search Package with all Dependencies
pacman -Si package
This command is ideal to list all the details about the package such as dependencies, package versions, etc. Basically all information about the package. Remember, you need the exact package name for this command to work. Wild card search doesn’t work in this command.
6. Install Package
Before you install any package, make sure to run pacman -Syu to make your system up to date.
If you know the package name, you can install it using the following command.
sudo pacman -S package
For example:
sudo pacman -S firefox
This command shows how much to be downloaded and what is the estimated disk space to be used after installation.
7. Download a package without installing
Not always you want to install a package. Sometimes you may want to just download the package for offline installation. Example:
sudo pacman -Sw smplayer
The downloaded file is kept at /var/cache/pacman/pkg defined in the /etc/pacman.conf file.
8. Install a locally downloaded package
You can install local packages using the following syntax.
sudo pacman -U /path/to/package
9. Install package directly from URL
If you want to install any package directly from remote network computers, servers, or mirrors, you can easily do that by providing the URL.
sudo pacman -U http://….
10. Re-install packages
You can re-install all packages installed in your system using the following command. Be cautious while running the below command, as it might be a huge list of packages and download may take time.
pacman -Qnq | pacman -S -
11. Unsintall a package
Uninstallation is simple. Run the below command to uninstall a package.
sudo pacman -R package
However, above command only uninstall the package, not its dependencies.
12. Uninstall with dependencies that are not required by other apps
You can use different switches to uninstall a package using pacman including all of its dependencies.
For example:
sudo pacman -Rsun firefox
- n: Ignore backups – that is, remove backups as well
- s: recursively remove each target that is not required by any other packages or manually installed
- u: Remove packages not required by any other packages.
You can use any combinations of the above switches for your need.
13. Show details about installed packages and dependencies
The following command shows the information of a package and its dependencies. The output contains the dependent packages, the list of packages on which this package is dependent upon and a list of optional dependencies.
pacman -Qi package
14. Complete list of installed packages
If you want a complete list of installed packages in your system, you may use the following command.
pacman -Q
You can redirect the output to a text file for further processing.
pacman -Q > complete_list.txt
You can also list explicitly installed packages that are not required by any other package, using the below command.
pacman -Qet
The above commands display the package name and versions delimited by space. You can only extract package names using the below:
pacman -Qe | awk '{print $1}'
15. Clean up system
You can use the following commands to perform several cleanup processes in your system.
The below command cleans the unused sync databases and packages no longer installed from the cache. So this removes all cache files that are no installed. Cache files are stored in /var/cache/pacman/pkg/.
First, you can check manually how much disk space is used by pacman cache files.
du -h /var/cache/pacman/pkg
Then you can run the following to clean.
sudo pacman -Sc
If you want to clear all cache file use the switch twice.
sudo pacman -Scc
The above commands can be super useful to free up disk space.
The pacman files
The followings are some of the important pacman files which are used by this package. You can analyze these for troubleshooting and configuration work.
- The main configuration file which contains pacman settings is –
/etc/pacman.conf
- Cached file location
/var/cache/pacman/pkg/
- Database file location
/var/lib/pacman/sync
- Logfile location which contains all pacman command you ran till date and details. You can analyze this file for troubleshooting purposes.
/var/log/pacman.log
I hope these pacman command examples are useful for you for doing several pacman related tasks in the Arch system. The list of options of pacman is huge which you can read on man pages. However, this is a summary of essential pacman commands filtered out for reference.
What is that pacman command which you think should be included here? Let me know in the comments.
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